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Senate
27 July 1923

9^th Parliament · 2^nd Session

QUESTION
- WILLIAMSTOWN DOCKYARD
QUESTION
- WAR SERVICE HOMES
IMMIGRATION BILL
MEAT EXPORT BOUNTIES BILL
- Second Reading

The President (Senator, the Hon. T. Givens) took the chair at 11 a.m., and read prayers.

page 1704

QUESTION

WILLIAMSTOWN DOCKYARD

Senator ELLIOTT:
VICTORIA

– Can the Minister representing the Prime Minister tell me -

What are the intentions of the Government regarding the permanent Commonwealth servants employed in the Williamstown Dockyard?
Will they be taken over by the Melbourne Harbor Trust together with the works? 3.If not, will compensation be paid to them on the termination of their employment?

Senator PEARCE:
Minister of Home and Territories · WESTERN AUSTRALIA · NAT

– Negotiations in regard to the dockyard atWilli amst own are not yet completed, and as the questions submitted by the honorable senator depend upon their completion, I ask him to submit them at a later date.

page 1704

QUESTION

WAR SERVICE HOMES

Land Purchase at Seymour.

Senator ELLIOTT:

asked the Minister representing the Minister for Works and Railways, upon notice -

Is the. Minister aware whether a block of land at Seymour purchased by the War Service Homes Commission at the price of £700, or an average price of £35 a block, for the purpose of building houses thereon for returned soldiers, and previously offered to such soldiers at a small increase on the purchase price, has, in consequence of a change of policy of the Government, been taken over by the State Savings Bank and is now being offered to the soldiers at a total price of £1,041 4s. l1d., or an average of £52 12s. 6d. a block, and that some blocks are passed at £75 each? .
Ifsuch is the case, what are the reasons for this enormous increase in price to the soldiers, and will the Commonwealth or the State Savings Bank get the benefit of the profit derived thereby?

Senator CRAWFORD:
Honorary Minister · QUEENSLAND · NAT

– The answers to the honorable senator’s questions are as follow: - l.The acquisition price stated, of £700, Covers only one block, whereas two blocks were purchased at a total cost of £975. The cost of the land at 30th June, 1923, was £1,041 4s. l1d., which sum includes interest on purchase price, survey, and incidental charges; and it is at this price that the area is being allotted to applicants,the prices placed on the blocks ranging from £33 to £75.

See answer to No. 1.No profit is being made.

page 1704

IMMIGRATION BILL

Bill read a third time.

page 1704

MEAT EXPORT BOUNTIES BILL

Second Reading

Debate resumed from 13th July, (vide page 1,101), on motion by Senator Crawford -

That the Bill be now read a second time.

- Senator Reid talks about the evil of coloured labour competition, yet, if I am not mistaken, the honorable senator at this moment is wearing a. Japanese silk tie and perhaps also a Japanese collar. It is extraordinary that the general community should be called on to pay exorbitant prices for Australian primary products, simply to enable some one else to send our beef to other countries, where people may buy it at prices below Australian retail rates. I have here an interesting statement, showing the average predominant retail prices in Australia on 15 th March, 1923-

– I propose to tender some good advice to the growers of beef, so that they will not need to “ send the hat around.” I hope that my remark will not be regarded as offensive. Instead of asking the people of Australia to pay a bonus from their scantily filled purses, in order to make the exportation of beef possible and profitable, let the growers and the wholesale people engaged in the meat business combine and open retail shops in the various cities in the Old World, where there is a market for the beef. Let the shops be opened and conducted by Australians, and let Australian beef be popularized, so that it will not have the bad name that the wicked combines overseas have attached to it. Let the Prime Minister (Mr. Bruce)- tell the British Government that we in Australia do not regard it as fair that Australian beef should grow poor on the hoof while the Argentine receives the military contracts. If such shops were established, and the public could purchase meat at a retail price that would be profitable to the growers, it would be of advantage to everybody concerned. If these shops were open the whole year round, it would put an end to the depredations of the octopuslike combine that collects more in a few minutes for handling the meat than the grower receives over a period of a few years for raising stock’. I do not favour a patched up, piecemeal system of legislation such as the present proposal embodies. When industries in my own State ask for similar assistance, I adopt precisely the same attitude. The handfeeding of industries does not come within the province of the Federal Parliament. How can we in justice differentiate between beef, wheat, butter, fruit, and every other primary product? I oppose the Bill because I strongly object to the principle underlying it, and I cannot understand why this Government and its supporters persist in legislation of such a nature, which can end only in failure.

Senator Sir THOMAS GLASGOW (Queensland) [11.38]. - I ‘do not often address myself to questions under the consideration of the Senate when I find that there are other senators who have a better acquaintance with them than I have, and who in the course of their remarks frequently advance the views that I hold. On the subject of the cattle industry, however, I think I am specially entitled to speak. Senator Gardiner stated that the Queensland growers were keeping their cattle back, and preventing consumers in the southern States from obtaining meat; but that is not a fact. Every year at this season there is a shortage of beef throughout Australia, because in winter the cattle go off. It is essential for a cattle producer to market his stock when the beasts are prime. That is the only reason why the whole of the cattle iri Queensland are killed during a short season. It is necessary to harvest beef, just as in the case of every other product, when it is in a prime condition. When there is a dry autumn, such as was experienced in Victoria this year, there will always be a shortage of beef. There has been a dearth of mutton, too, and very little is being supplied to either the Melbourne or Sydney markets, owing to the very dry autumn experienced in Victoria and New South Wales. Senator Gardiner expressed the view that cattle producers, apparently, had been getting more than was reasonable for their product; but that is not so. Although at the commencement of the war, Queensland was the only State which had a meat surplus, the growers had to sell meat to the British Government for 4Jd. per pound, whereas every other country was able to obtain double that price. On top of that the Federal Government stepped in and subjected the profits of the growers in Queensland to the war profits tax, and they were mulcted to the tune of 80 per cent, of their excess profits. The British Government continued to store beef, thinking that there would be a famine after the war, and there was ultimately such an accumulation of stocks in London that it was found that they could not take any more meat. When all that beef was released the market was flattened out, and the meat producers in Australia found themselves with no market at all. I differentiate between the grower and the fattener.of stock. The latter had to sustain enormous losses last year because the stores were bought on high markets, and the cattle had to be sold at a low price. Had it not. been for the action of the Federal Government last year there would have been no export of meat. All the runs having been heavily stocked, there would have been an enormous loss through drought. There was a fair number of cattle killed for export, and the paddocks were relieved considerably; but over a great portion of the State the drought was very bad, and there were large losses of stock. It was mentioned by Senator Gardiner that the consumer in a city such as Melbourne does not have a fair deal. I quite agree with him in that respect. He stated that, in March last, beef was selling here at an average price of somewhere about10d. or l1d. per lb., whereas atthat time meat was being sold in the Melbourne market on the hoof at 3d. per lb. wholesale. Although it took the cattle-raiser four years to produce stock for which he received 3d. per lb., the butcher in Melbourne, within twenty-four hours of its sale, was retailing it at an average price of, say, 9d. per lb. If Senator Gardiner wishes to remove the grievance of the consumer, let him set about bringing down the cost of handling and distribution. The butcher replies to complaints as to his prices, “ Look how my costs have gone up. I have to pay increased wages and rents.” Have not the costs of the growers also increased? These costs are double what they were before the war.

Senator McDougall:

– Why not make two blades of grass grow where only one grew before?

Senator Sir THOMAS GLASGOW:

– I wish the honorable senator would try the experiment. The cattle industry is undoubtedly in a parlous position. Were it not for the fact that the Federal Government have come to the assistance of the cattle-growers of Queensland, the industry would be in a much worse condition. It is essential that the surplus cattle should be disposed of in order to make room on the runs for the young cattle.

Senator Hoare:

– Why are cattle being exported from New Zealand to Victoria?

Senator Sir THOMAS GLASGOW:

– The people of Victoria insist on having fresh beef. They will not havefrozen or chilled meat. If cattle were brought here from a tick-infested country, there would be a danger of introducing tick. I would not ask the stock-raisers of Vic toria to take that risk. I have had experience of tick being brought to Victoria, and the trouble it subsequently caused. My regiment shipped horses in Queensland. Owing to thepresence of enemy ships in the Indian Ocean, we had to wait at Melbourne for three weeks until a proper escort was provided. Our horses were taken to the show-grounds, where a few ticks were discovered on some of them. This caused tremendous concern to the Agricultural Department. The whole of the horses were washed with a tick dip mixture, and every atom of refuse from the stalls was burnt. The whole place was disinfected. No one denies the danger of bringing tick to Victoria. As a cattle-raiser, I would not ask Victorian cattle-growers to run that risk. If tick were brought here, it would affect not only beef cattle, but dairy cattle. I am inclined to. agree with Senator Gardiner, that the Government should not always assist industries, but in this case there are special circum- , stances. The Governments of Queensland, the Commonwealth, and Great Britain are more or less responsible for the present deplorable condition of the industry, and it is only right that they should now help to tide it over a difficult period. After all, the meat industry has been a very important one for Australia. Some time before the war, cattle-raising provided a bare existence, but just prior to the outbreak of hostilities, prices rose, and the industry became quite profitable. During the war the market was destroyed owing to the accumulation of large stocks.

Senator Hoare:

– For how long will assistance be required by the Queensland cattle-growers ?

– Would you help the cattle people of Kimberley?

Senator LYNCH:

– I would not give one brass farthing to the cattle men of Kimberley. I have come across those men. That is to say, they have come across me, or rather have run across me in the streeet with their Rolls-Royce motor cars, hardly giving me time to get out of the way. They are doing better, on the whole, > than any one else in Western Australia, and had better not ask me to help them to get a dole. They are so prosperous that quite recently one pastoralist who enjoyed a huge income sold” out at an enormous price, and stipulated that the cash was to be paid’ to him in Melbourne, in a State which is the least taxed of all. Just as I am unwillingly and grudgingly disposed towards removing this grievance in Queensland, because it is a mismanaged State, I am equally unwilling to render any assistance to an industry in such an untaxed part of the Commonwealth as is Victoria to-day. I would say to a Victorian industry that asks for assistance, “ Remedy your own grievances ; tax yourselves.” The case of a Queensland industry is different, because the people of Queensland are misgoverned and overtaxed ; but I would call upon Victorians to levy taxes upon themselves, as other people do, and to see to their own troubles without asking the hard-working citizen outside to come to their assistance. . I appear for the proletariat. At the same time, I must pay some regard to the poor beef -growers in Queensland. They are poor, so the Queensland Premier now says; so say the meat workers, who are willing to accept a reduction in their wages, and so says Mr. Forde. On this occasion, therefore, I give the State the benefit of the doubt, in the hope that it will not indulge in any further pranks, but will usher in a new era - not one that is gained only at the expense of others.

At present Queensland calls the tune and expects others to pay the piper. It is not right. The position is ill-balanced. When I was in Queensland there were men there who set an example to Australia. They would not have sent round the hat amongst other hard struggling wretches whose hair is pushing through their own hats because they cannot buy new ones. They would Have spurned the very thought of doing so. They would have felt that their manhood had left them if the suggestion had been made that they should take round the hat for the sake of an industry that can thrive in Queensland better than it can in any other State, with the’ exception, perhaps, of the northern portion of Western Australia. Queensland is the only State of Australia where the cattle industry can live and show the largest amount of profit, and it is painful to find that the people engaged in that industry are driven to such an expedient. I object to it, but on this occasion I shall give them one more chance. I shall vote for the measure, in the fond belief that they will behave themselves in future and turn over a new leaf, realizing that the people should not be taxed to make them prosperous, and that if one element in the community is injured all other elements likewise suffer. That is the case to-day, and is admitted to be so by the very men who inflicted the injury. Instead of remedying their own grievances, consuming their own smoke, applying a cure for the manufactured malady from their own resources, the people of Queensland are going beyond their borders and asking others to supply the remedy. Such a principle is manifestly wrong; but, as I have said, on this occasion I shall give them the benefit of the doubt, and vote for the Bill, in the hope that the people of Queensland will take to heart the lesson that if ever they misgovern their country again they cannot expect any vote of mine to help to pull them through.

Senator McDOUGALL:
New South Wales

– I had no intention of speaking on this Bill, but it is almost necessary for one to stand up in his own defence after the ravings of the “ stormy petrel “ opposite. Not understanding his language, I could not grasp what Senator Lynch was saying about me. I simply heard mention of my name, and saw him point his finger at me. However, a few words of sanity may very well follow that honorable senator’s outburst. Senator Glasgow has let us into the whole secret of the trouble in the beef industry. It is about to establish meat works in different parts of Queensland, and to that end has had to seek financial assistance. The secret of the trouble is that for. rendering that assistance the usurer will absorb the honorable senator’s profit for the next twenty years. The part the usurer plays is a canker, not only in Australia, but all over the world. In fact, it was the cause of the last war. The usurers will see to it that no further war will take place during our lifetime. It will not pay them to have one. There will be no further disruption until once again they get the world by the throat. In the cities of Australia huge buildings are being erected by banking institutions who do not know how otherwise they can spend their money. I realize that banking institutions are necessary, but banking should be a national concern, and the earnings that are now wrung from the producers should become the property of the people. The private institutions are to-day employing labour in erecting great edifices in the cities instead of in building the factories and meat works referred to by Senator Glasgow. The latter would add to the wealth of the nation, whereas the former add nothing to it. We shall not make progress in this part of the world until we bring about that social reform that will rectify these matters. To make progress we must not have men coming to the National Government for a few paltry thousands as a bounty on this thing or that. We must make the country selfsustaining, and thus secure to our producers the full value of their produce instead of the one-fourth of it, which they are getting to-day. Why should there be an imaginary line drawn across this continent, enabling a man living on one side of it to buy food at half the price paid by a man on the other side? When that riddle is solved many of our present difficulties in regard to food supplies will be solved. A paltry bounty is merely a palliative, and will do nothing towards founding a great nation. I shall vote against this Bill. Senator Lynch, in his ravings against the “ beef barons,” told us that he would vote for it; but I shall vote against it, because I believe that the producers willnot benefit by it.

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

– Yes, they will.

Senator McDOUGALL:

– The benefit will go into the pockets of the usurers, who, through their system of bleeding the people, which has been a curse in all times, get the very best out of the country without paying anything for it. Senator Glasgow tells us that people will not eat chilled meat, but they must have it, because they can get no other. Where I live1s. 6d. a pound is paid for it, and 1s.1d. a pound for chilled mutton. I am told practically every time I go home that there has been another rise of1d. a pound. Why should that be the case when in Queensland, only a short distanceaway, meat is half the price? When the Queensland footballers, who were recently in Sydney, went into an Italian shop for a “steak and de oyst,” they were surprised to find that they were asked to pay3s. 3d. for what cost them only 1s. 9d. in Brisbane. As the same class of people are, engaged in the retail trade in either city they cannot be the profiteers. My butcher tells me that he cannot afford to buy fresh mutton at 9d. a pound. Senator Glasgow tells us that the trouble lies in the restrictions between the grower and the middleman. If the butcher has to pay the middleman 9d. a pound for mutton, surely the grower gets his share of that.

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

– I was referring to beef. In March last beef was 3d. a pound on thehoof in Victoria, whereas the average price to the consumer was 9d. a pound. The cost of distribution was, therefore, 200 per cent.

Senator Ogden:

– If we could do something to prevent that we should be doing something sensible.

Senator McDOUGALL:

– Senator Glasgow attributes the increased price to the stock restrictions imposed by the States, but they have nothing to do with it. The high price of meat is brought about by the great Meat Combine, . which control the prices paid by everybody. If the housewives of Australia followed the example set by the housewives of the United States of America not so long ago, and refused to buy meat for one month, the people who are controlling meat prices in Australia would soon come to their senses. Within a month the price of meat in America dropped 50 per cent. as the result of the housewives’ boycott. A commodity, has. value only in proportion to the demand for it. If the demand ceases, even for a short time, it loses its value. The bounty should be paid upon the production of meat, not for export, but for home consumption. This would enable the. working classes of this country to obtain a good supply of meat at a reasonable price. If we want to get good work out of a man, he must be able to get good food. To insure a stalwart race, the children must be properly fed. If the beef barons and combines can deny cheap meat to the working classes the race must inevitably deteriorate. Put a man in a favorable position - and by this I mean give him good living conditions and good food - and he will beget good progeny. Put him on scanty herbage, and by this I mean deny him the chance of getting good food, and his progeny will be weaklings. It is scandalous that the workers of Australia should be deprived of Nature’s gifts - the best of Australia’s primary products. The land and its products belong to the nation. God gave the land to the people, and for His people. If, by the application of science to production, we are able to increase its wealth - to make two blades of grass grow where only one grew before - to double the weight of the fleece on a sheep’s back, and to make our cattle twice as heavy, we should insist on our means of distribution being efficient, and not bolster up an industry by a paltry bounty for export purposes. All such proposals are mere palliatives. Not so long ago, the Government assisted the producers to export a large quantity of Australian butter. After it had been in cold storage in London for about twelve months, the combine brought it back to Australia, and sold this rancid product to the people here at an enhanced price. The bounty system is defective, and for that reason I intend to vote against the Bill. If the Government proposed to pay a bounty on the production of meat for consumption in Australia, they would have my support where our food supplies are concerned. I believe in Australia first, Australia last, and Australia all the time. When we make this country a happy hunting ground for its people, and make available to them all that they have a right to expect, we shall have done something worth while. The people who will benefit by this legislation live in palatial homes and fiats [in all our cities, and devote their lives to pleasure and sport. The “blank Page” Government up to the present has done very little to justify its existence. In the recess that is at hand it should endeavour to get closer to a realization of the desires of the people, and make an earnest attempt to solve these great social problems that are responsible for so much unrest among our people. The greed of the usurer is at the bottom of all the people’s troubles, not only in Australia, but also throughout the world.

Senator REID:
Queensland

– I am astonished at the opposition to this measure on the part of honorable senators opposite, since the meat workers and drovers of Queensland will benefit just as much as the cattle-growers from the payment of the bounty. Unless the meat works re-open this year, hundreds of meat workers throughout Queensland will be idle. That they realize the gravity of the situation is shown by the fact that they have voluntarily accepted a reduction of wages corresponding to the reduction in handling charges required of the meat works as one of the conditions to the payment of the bounty. Despite the fact that Queensland is admirably suited to the cattle industry, growers there at the present time find it unprofitable to sell to the meat works, although there is a small margin in connexion with the trade for home consumption. The bounty is only a temporary expedient to tide the growers over an exceedingly difficult time. I I trust there will be no occasion to again adopt this course. As there is so much unemployment throughout Australia, including Queensland, despite the protestations of the Labour Government there, I am surprised that honorable senators opposite should oppose the Bill. Queensland undoubtedly is a rich State, and all who have any knowledge of the cattle industry there know that the pioneers are extremely reluctant to seek help in their troubles. If they could possibly get through, they would not apply to the Government. Their attitude during the war was most magnanimous.

They agreed to supply large quantities of beef to Great Britain at a price below that which the British Government paid to other countries. That was their contribution to the nation in its time of trial. All those who are making such a noise about cheap meat in Queensland know quite well that profits were stolen from the cattle-growers, who had to place a certain quantity of meat at the disposal of the Government, otherwise the Imperial contract would not have been signed. Meat in the southern States is dear because regulations passed by the New South Wales and Victorian Governments prevent the introduction of any cattle from tick-infeeted areas in Queensland.

Senator Mchugh:

– Is it not possible to eradicate the tick?

SenatorREID. - For many years attempts have been made in that direction, but without success. No one who has seen the effects of its ravages in cattle country would like to see the disease spread any further, so that no complaint can be made concerning the regulations themselves. Combines are not entirely responsible for the high price of meat; it is due to the scarcity of stock, which is shown by the fact that fat cattle can be landed here from New Zealand in competition with Australian meat. The meatworks are full of chilled beef at present, and if the public would only eat it the scarcity would be relieved. While the people in Melbourne are paying up to1s. 6d. a lb. for beef, it is obtainable in Queensland for half that price, not be cause a Labour Government is in power in my State, but because the whole country is glutted with fat stock. I hope that honorable senators opposite, if only for the sake of the men employed in the meatworks and on the cattle stations, will support the Bill, which is only a temporary expedient. Another matter to be remembered is that the high wages now paid to butchers and carters in the retail trade - I do not complain about those wages - have doubled the cost of distribution. It must be recognised, therefore, that the high price of beef is not due entirely to the “ beef barons “ and the combines.

Senator McHugh:

– The price over the counter is very high.

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

– The shops are the distributing centres, and it is expensive to conduct them.

SenatorREID. - In Queensland, more than half the butchers have given up house-to-house distribution because of the cost involved.

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

– The State shops do not distribute at all.

Senator REID:

– That is so. The good that will result from the passage of the Bill is worth all the expenditure involved.

Senator FINDLEY:
VICTORIA · ALP

European countries, is re-established, we cannot hope for a reasonable demand for oursurplus beef. If we wait until credit is re-established in Europe, our industries will languish, and probably die out altogether. We have to deal with industries as we find them. If under present conditions, it is impossible for the meat industry to be carried on effectively, it must be given reasonable assistance. The same applies to any industry. It has been stated that the Queensland growers should Bend meat to Victoria, where highprices rule at present. I do not think that proper attention has been given to this suggestion, even by the Queensland people themselves. A scheme to send meat to Victoria from Queensland should be given a fair trial. Chilled meat should he brought from the northern States whenever there is a scarcity of cattle in the southern States. By this means the consumers would obtain meat at a reasonable price. The cattle industry of Queensland has been brought to a deplorable condition, mainly through the action of the State Government; but no matter what the cause, when any section of the community is in distress, it is our duty to consider the circumstances, and, if necessary, to lend assistance.

Senator Gardiner:

– The honorable senatoris not stupid enough to believe that?

Senator PAYNE:

– The State taxation in Queensland is very High. A short time ago an Act was passed by that Parliament providing for a retrospective reappraisement of the rents of pastoral leases covering a period of four years. That Statute brought many graziers to the verge of ruin. Considering the returns that the cattle raisers have obtained for their products during the last year or two, it is marvellous how the industry has survived. I was at Townsville in August of last year, and I have here an account of a transaction which took place in that town, when fifty-one fat bullocks were trucked from Cloncurry to the meat works at Townsville. This case will prove that some of the statements made concerning the big returns that are obtained by thecattle-grower are altogether without foundation. It must be remembered that many people who are in a com paratively small way earn their living by grazing. These are the particulars: -

The first quality bullocks returned21,186 lbs.at9s. 8d per 100, £102 8s. The second quality bullocks returned 12,000lbs. at 7s. 2d., £43 0s.8d. The third quality bullocks relumed 2,718 lbs. at3s. 6d per 100, £415s.1d. Theworks subsidy paid on 27,890 lbs. of meat at1s. 8d. per lb. was £1410s.6d., which totalled £164 14s. 3d. From this was deducted for railage on thefifty-one head, £52 10s. 4d., which left £1123s. 4d. for the collector, or an average of £2 4s.10d. for bullocks averaging 718lbs. per head. The Governmentsubsidy of 1/4d . perlb. is yet to be paid on exportable beef, which will probably amount to £28 l1s., which would give a return for the fifty-one head of £216s. 3d. each.

I quote that case as an instance of exceptionally high prices. In many hundreds of cases nothing like so favorable a return was received by the grazier. How could such returns enable an industry to be carried on. It is a typical example of present-day conditions, and for that reason favorable consideration should be given to the proposal of the Government. I ask leave to continue my remarks at a later date. ,

Leave granted; debate adjourned.

Senate adjourned at 3.68 p.m.

Cite as: Australia, Senate, Debates, 27 July 1923, viewed 22 October 2017, <http://historichansard.net/senate/1923/19230727_senate_9_104/>.

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Senate27 July 1923

QUESTION

WILLIAMSTOWN DOCKYARD

Senator ELLIOTT:VICTORIA

Senator PEARCE:Minister of Home and Territories · WESTERN AUSTRALIA · NAT

QUESTION

WAR SERVICE HOMES

Senator ELLIOTT:

Senator CRAWFORD:Honorary Minister · QUEENSLAND · NAT

IMMIGRATION BILL

MEAT EXPORT BOUNTIES BILL

Second Reading

Senator GARDINER:New South Wales

Senator Ogden:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Duncan:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Crawford:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Elliott:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Pearce:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Pearce:

Senator Crawford:

Senator McDougall:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Crawford:

Senator Pearce:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Payne:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Thompson:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Elliott:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Crawford:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Crawford:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Reid:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Crawford:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator KINGSMILL:WESTERN AUSTRALIA · NAT

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Crawford:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Thompson:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

Senator GARDINER:

Senator McDougall:

Senator Sir THOMAS GLASGOW:

Senator Hoare:

Senator Sir THOMAS GLASGOW:

Senator Hoare:

Senator LYNCH:Western Australia

Senator Pearce:

Senator LYNCH:

The PRESIDENT (Senator the Hon T Givens:QUEENSLAND

Senator LYNCH:

Senator Sir Thomas Glasgow:

Senator LYNCH:

Senator Gardiner:

Senator LYNCH:

Senator Gardiner:

Senator LYNCH:

Senator Needham:

Senator LYNCH:

Senator Kingsmill:

Senate
27 July 1923

Senator ELLIOTT:
VICTORIA

Senator PEARCE:
Minister of Home and Territories · WESTERN AUSTRALIA · NAT

Senator CRAWFORD:
Honorary Minister · QUEENSLAND · NAT

Senator GARDINER:
New South Wales

Senator KINGSMILL:
WESTERN AUSTRALIA · NAT

Senator LYNCH:
Western Australia

The PRESIDENT (Senator the Hon T Givens:
QUEENSLAND

Senator McDOUGALL:
New South Wales

Senator REID:
Queensland

Senator FINDLEY:
VICTORIA · ALP

Senator FINDLEY:
VICTORIA

Senator NEWLANDS:
SOUTH AUSTRALIA · ALP; NAT from 1917